稻秸还田下耕作与播种方式对小麦出苗及产量的影响

为了研究稻秸还田下耕作与播种方式对小麦出苗及产量的影响,通过大区试验,分析了稻秸全量还田下不同耕作与播种方式对小麦出苗率、出苗均匀性及产量性状的影响。结果显示,相同的播种方式下,浅耕处理小麦出苗率高于免耕处理,但出苗均匀性差于后者;相同的耕作方式下,播种方式对小麦出苗率和出苗均匀性的影响差异较大,其中,机械匀播方式下小麦出苗率最高,出苗均匀性最好;小麦出苗率和出苗均匀性通过影响穗数、穗粒数、千粒重而影响籽粒产量,同一耕作方式下机械匀播小麦籽粒产量均高于其余2种播种方式,免耕和浅耕下机械匀播小麦产量分别达6484.35 kg/hm~2和6476.20 kg/hm~2。因此,稻秸全量还田条件下,建议采用免耕机械匀播方式,能有效改善小麦田间出苗情况,进而获得较高的籽粒产量。     

树轮地貌学方法在坡面土壤侵蚀调查中的应用——以河北省环首都山地为例

通过对树根解剖法的综合分析,提出了基于全树龄的坡面土壤侵蚀调查方法。利用该方法,选择河北省涞源县、兴隆县两地作为典型调查点,对河北省环首都山地的坡面土壤侵蚀进行了调查,探讨了树龄分析法在不同地貌部位、不同岩性、不同树种条件下土壤侵蚀研究的可行性。结果表明,利用全树龄分析方法所取得的坡面水土流失数据与RUSLE模型具有一定的可比性,而且基于全树龄的树轮地貌学方法对研究区土壤侵蚀情况的时空变化特征具有更强的指示性和分辨率,实用性更高。     

Advances on Detection Methods for Residues of Nitrofurans in Food

Nitrofurans are broad-spectrum antibiotics which have been widely used in food animals to the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal infections.Due to abuse of drugs by criminals,animals could produce drug-resistant strains,which reduces the role of antibiotics.Meanwhile,excessive drugs residues in food has carcinogenic,teratogenic and mutagenic effects to the human body.In this paper,the damage and the detection methods of the residues of the nitrofurans in food are surveyed.The main detection methods include high performance liquid chromatography,liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry,enzyme-linked immunoassay,colloidal gold immunoassay and fluorescence immunity analysis method.The research status of various detection methods are summarized and the suggestions for further research are put forward.It is expected to provide reference for future research.     

基于GIS的不同种植模式下凉州区日光温室土壤养分分析

采用GPS定位取样测试、ACIGIS软件数据分析和地统计分析方法,对凉州区日光温室土壤养分状况进行了分析评价。结果表明,在0~20 cm表层土壤中,不同种植模式的氮、磷、钾养分分布趋势基本一致。种植番茄—架豆、番茄—辣椒电导率最大,为1.97 ms/cm;种植番茄—架豆盐分最高,为11.9 g/kg;种植人参果CEC最大,为16.87%。在20~40 cm土壤中,种植番茄—辣椒电导率最高,为2.59 ms/cm;种植小乳瓜盐分最大,其值为17.9 g/kg;种植人参果CEC最大,为19.94%。     

藜草花叶病毒的研究概述

藜草花叶病毒(Sowbane mosaic virus,So MV)是菠菜上的重要有害生物,可通过种子、花粉、昆虫介体和机械等方式传播。随着我国种子、种苗进口量的进一步扩大和产业化种植,藜草花叶病毒传入我国的风险非常大。本文综述了藜草花叶病毒的生物学特性、分布、寄主范围、为害症状、传播途径、检测技术等,论述了藜草花叶病毒传入我国的潜在危害性和风险。     

海安县海安镇水稻专业化服务工作措施及成效

从领导重视与强化组织、措施扎实与强化服务、明确责任与强化考核、加强督查与促进工作等方面总结了海安县海安镇水稻专业化服务工作措施,并分析其成效,以供参考。     

中等职业学校《机械基础》课程教学方法探讨

《机械基础》课程是中等职业学校机械类、机电类等专业的一门必修课程,具有知识面广、点多、内容抽象、实践性较强等特点,是较难掌握的一门课程。文章根据教学经验,针对《机械基础》课程教学方法提出了一些观点与看法,以其起到提高教学质量与效果的作用。     

湘南典型残次阔叶林人工促进更新技术研究

于2003年在湖南省汝城县益将国有林场天然残次阔叶林内设置试验样地和对照样地各3个,采用林地清理、补植、补播等手段促进天然更新,并分别于2006年和2011年进行2次人工促进干预;同时,在6个样地内各设置3个样方,共计18个样方,分别于2003、2008、2013年冬,对幼树、幼苗、萌条的数量及地径进行统计,并对样方内胸径≥5 cm的立木进行每木调查。结果表明:种子补播保存率43%,幼苗补植保存率20%,平均保存率32%。树高≤30 cm且地径0.5 cm、31 cm≤树高≤50 cm且0.5 cm地径0.7 cm幼树的数量下降率分别是对照样地的17.5%、21.59%,树高≥51 cm且地径0.7 cm幼树的数量下降率是对照样地的121.66%。2008年单位面积蓄积量是对照样地的2.28倍,2013年达到3.80倍;经过10年更新,单位面积蓄积量是试验前的11.57倍,对照样地单位面积蓄积量仅是试验前的2.55倍;单位面积蓄积量是对照样地的4.54倍。人工促进天然更新所需的人工成本为1 860元/hm2,仅为同期人工营造杉木幼林所需人工成本5 310元/hm2的35%。     

三聚氰胺的毒性残留及检测方法研究进展

三聚氰胺是一种化工原料，但由于其含氮（N）量高，常被不法商人添加到食品及饲料中，对人类及动物健康造成了严重危害。三聚氰胺的急性毒性很低，口服的半数致死量（LD50）为3100～3300mg·kg^-1；慢性毒性试验动物症状主要表现为肾结石及膀胱癌。三聚氰胺在生物体内无代谢转化，以原体形式或同系物形式排出体外。文章对三聚氰胺的毒性、残留代谢及检测方法进行了综述。     

Continuous Plant Regeneration from Established Embryogenic Cell Suspension Cultures of Italian Ryegrass and Tall Fescue

The suitability of different protocols was compared for entire plant regeneration by somatic embryogenesis, of the forage plants Lolium multiflorum Lam. (Italian ryegrass) and Festuca arundinacea Schreb. (tall fescue). In the first protocol, miniature embryos were used as starting material, while mature seeds were retained in the other two. Whichever the considered protocol, undifferentiated calli were produced on Murashige and Skoog MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D. The calli were subcultured in the dark on solid MS agar medium, containing 5 mg/1 2,4-D (protocol 2) or on solid MS medium followed by transfer to a rotated liquid MS medium with 2 mg/1 2,4-D (protocol 1). In these conditions, induction of somatic embryogenesis occurred, and whole plants were regenerated during a limited lapse of time, upon transfer in the light, to MS medium supplemented with BAP but devoid of 2,4-D. The simultaneous elimination of 2,4-D and transfer to light appeared essential for full regeneration of the plants. Using this characteristic, an additional step was added to a new protocol (protocol 3) in which microcalli, cultured on liquid MS medium containing 5 mg/1 2,4-D, were transferred to the same medium with 2 mg/1 2,4-D, in the dark. In these conditions, the suspensions kept their embryogenic potential for months. In all cases, plantlets were successfully transferred into the soil. An evaluation of the somaclonal variation potential of the plants issued from each protocol is now underway.